Labarai - Gabatarwa zuwa Sarkar ɗagawa na maki: G80, G100 & G120

Ɗaga sarƙoƙi da majajjawaabubuwa ne masu mahimmanci a cikin dukkan gine-gine, masana'antu, ma'adinai, da masana'antun ketare. Ayyukansu ya ta'allaka ne akan kimiyyar kayan aiki da ingantaccen aikin injiniya. Makin sarkar G80, G100, da G120 suna wakiltar nau'ikan ƙarfi da yawa a ci gaba, wanda aka ayyana ta mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi (a cikin MPa) wanda aka ninka da 10:

- G80: 800 MPa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi

- G100: 1,000 MPa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi

- G120: 1,200 MPa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi

Waɗannan maki suna bin ka'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa (misali, ASME B30.9, ISO 1834, DIN EN818-2) kuma ana gudanar da bincike mai ƙarfi da gwaji don tabbatar da dogaro a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai ƙarfi, matsananciyar yanayin zafi, da mahalli masu lalata.

1. Materials da Metallurgy: Kimiyyar da ke Bayan Ƙirar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa

The inji Properties na wadannan dagawa sarƙoƙi tasowa daga daidai gami selection da zafi magani.

Daraja	Kayan tushe	Maganin zafi	Maɓallai Abubuwan Haɗawa	Siffofin ƙananan ƙananan sassa
G80	Matsakaici-carbon karfe	Quenching & Haushi	C (0.25-0.35%), Mn	Martensite mai zafi
G100	Ƙarfin ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (HSLA).	Sarrafa quenching	Cr, Mo, V	Kyakkyawan bainite/martensite
G120	Babban HSLA karfe	Madaidaicin zafin rai	Cr, Ni, Mo, micro-alloyed Nb/V	Ultra-lafiya tarwatsa carbide

Me yasa kuma yadda waɗannan kayan ke da mahimmanci:

- Ƙarfafa ƘarfafaAbubuwan da ke haɗawa (Cr, Mo, V) suna samar da carbides waɗanda ke hana motsin karkatarwa, haɓaka ƙarfin amfanin gona ba tare da sadaukar da ductility ba.

-Resistance Gajiya: Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin G100/G120 suna hana ƙaddamarwa. G120's tempered martensite yana ba da rayuwar gajiya mafi girma (> 100,000 hawan keke a 30% WLL).

- Saka Resistance: Tauraruwar saman (misali, hardening induction) a cikin G120 yana rage abrasion a cikin aikace-aikacen rikice-rikice kamar ma'adinan ma'adinai.

Ka'idojin Welding don Mutuncin Sarkar

•Pre-Weld Prep:

o Tsaftace saman haɗin gwiwa don cire oxides / gurɓatawa.

o Pre-zafi zuwa 200°C (G100/G120) don hana tsagewar hydrogen.

•Hanyoyin walda:

o Laser Welding: Domin G120 sarƙoƙi (misali, Al-Mg-Si gami), waldi mai gefe biyu yana haifar da fusion zones tare da H-dimbin yawa HAZ don uniform damuwa rarraba.

o Hot Waya TIG: Don sarƙoƙin ƙarfe na tukunyar jirgi (misali, 10Cr9Mo1VNb), walda mai wucewa da yawa yana rage murdiya.

•Mahimman Bayani:Guji lahani na geometric a cikin HAZ - manyan wuraren fara fashewar ƙasa da 150°C.

Ma'aunin Maganin Zafin Bayan-Weld (PWHT).

Daraja	PWHT Zazzabi	Rike Lokaci	Canjin Ƙirƙirar Ƙira	Inganta Dukiya
G80	550-600 ° C	2-3 hours	Martensite mai zafi	Rage damuwa, + 10% tasiri mai ƙarfi
G100	740-760 ° C	2-4 hours	Kyakkyawan watsawar carbide	15%↑ ƙarfin gajiya, uniform HAZ
G120	760-780 ° C	1-2 hours	Yana hana M₂₃C₆ daɗaɗawa	Yana hana asara mai ƙarfi a matsanancin zafi

Tsanaki:Wucewa 790°C yana haifar da haɓakar carbide → asarar ƙarfi / ductility.

2. Ayyukan ɗaga sarƙoƙi a cikin matsanancin yanayi

Muhalli daban-daban suna buƙatar ingantattun hanyoyin magance kayan.

Haƙuri na Zazzabi:

G80:Bargar aiki har zuwa 200 ° C; tare da asarar ƙarfi da sauri sama da 400°C saboda juyewar yanayi.

- G100/G120:Sarƙoƙi suna riƙe da ƙarfi 80% a 300 ° C; maki na musamman (misali, tare da ƙarin Si/Mo) suna tsayayya da embrittlement zuwa -40°C don amfani da arctic.

Juriya na Lalata:

G80:Mai yiwuwa ga tsatsa; yana buƙatar yawan mai a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano.

- G100/G120:Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da galvanization (zinc plated) ko bambance-bambancen ƙarfe-karfe (misali, 316L don tsire-tsire na ruwa/sunadarai). Galvanized G100 yana jure wa awanni 500+ a gwajin feshin gishiri.

Gajiya da Taurin Tasiri:

G80:Isasshen kayan aiki na tsaye; tasiri taurin ≈25 J a -20 ° C.

G120:Musamman tauri (> 40 J) saboda ƙarin Ni/Cr; manufa don ɗagawa mai ƙarfi (misali, cranes na jirgin ruwa).

3. Jagoran Zaɓi na Musamman na Aikace-aikace

Zaɓin madaidaicin daraja yana haɓaka aminci da ƙimar farashi.

Aikace-aikace	Matsayin da aka Shawarta	Dalilin dalili
Babban Gine-gine	G80	Ƙimar-tasiri don matsakaicin nauyi / busassun muhalli; misali, zamba.
Tashin Teku/Marine	G100 (Galvanized)	Babban ƙarfi + juriya na lalata; yana tsayayya da ramin ruwan teku.
Haƙar ma'adinai / Ƙarƙasa	G120	Yana haɓaka juriya a cikin sarrafa dutsen abrasive; tsira tasiri lodi.
Babban Zazzabi (misali, Karfe Mills)	G100 (Bambancin da aka yi da zafi)	Yana riƙe ƙarfi kusa da tanderu (har zuwa 300 ° C).
Matsakaicin Tsayin Tafiya	G120	Mai jure gajiya don ɗagawa helikofta ko shigar da kayan aikin juyawa.

4. Rage Rigakafin Kasawa da Halayen Kulawa

- Rashin Gaji:Yafi kowa a lodawa keken keke. G120 mafi girman juriya yaduwa na raguwa yana rage wannan haɗarin.

- Lalata Pitting:Yana lalata ƙarfi; galvanized G100 majajjawa na ƙarshe 3× ya fi tsayi a cikin wuraren bakin teku vs. G80 maras rufi.

- Dubawa:ASME tana ba da umarnin bincika kowane wata don fasa, sawa> 10% diamita, ko tsawo. Yi amfani da gwajin ƙwayar maganadisu don hanyoyin haɗin G100/G120.

5. Ƙarfafa Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfafawa da Abubuwan Gaba

- Smart Chains:Sarƙoƙin G120 tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don saka idanu akan kaya na lokaci-lokaci.

- Rufi:Nano-ceramic coatings akan G120 don tsawaita rayuwar sabis a cikin yanayin acidic.

- Kimiyyar Abu:Bincike a cikin bambance-bambancen ƙarfe na austenitic don ɗagawa na cryogenic (-196 ° C LNG aikace-aikace).

Kammalawa: Daidaita sarƙoƙi da darajar ku

- Zabi G80don tsadar kaya, masu ɗagawa marasa lahani.

- Sanya G100don yanayi mai lalacewa/tsauri da ke buƙatar daidaiton ƙarfi da karko.

- G120a cikin matsanancin yanayi: babban gajiya, abrasion, ko madaidaicin ɗagawa mai mahimmanci.

Bayanin Ƙarshe: Koyaushe ba da fifikon ƙwararrun sarƙoƙi tare da hanyoyin magance zafi. Zaɓin da ya dace yana hana gazawar bala'i - kimiyyar kayan aiki shine ƙashin bayan ɗaga aminci.

Lokacin aikawa: Juni-17-2025