(donsarƙoƙi masu zagayeana amfani da shi wajen amfani da abubuwa masu wahala kamar lif ɗin bokiti a masana'antar siminti da kuma masu ɗaukar toka/ƙura a masana'antar wutar lantarki. Waɗannan abubuwan suna buƙatar haɗuwa ta musamman ta ƙarfin saman don juriyar lalacewa da kuma ƙwanƙolin da ke da tauri, mai jurewa don jure buguwa da gajiya).
Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar akwati mai zurfi, mai ƙarfi kamar ƙarfe wanda ke da alaƙa da ainihin. Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai masu mahimmanci da yawa:
Mataki na 1: Jiyya Kafin A Yi (Zaɓi ne)
- Tsarin aiki: Daidaita tsari.
- Manufa: Don inganta tsarin hatsi da inganta injin/haɗin hanyoyin haɗin sarkar da ba a sarrafa ba.
- Sigar Ma'auni: Zafafa hanyoyin haɗin zuwa 880–920°C kuma a bar su su yi sanyi a cikin iska.
Mataki na 2: Yin amfani da Carburizing
Wannan shine babban tsari inda ake watsa carbon a saman. Iskar gas ita ce hanya mafi yawan amfani kuma mai sauƙin sarrafawa don waɗannan aikace-aikacen.
- Manufa: Don wadatar da sinadarin carbon a saman, wanda zai sa ya yi tauri sosai bayan an kashe shi.
- Zafin jiki: 880–930°C. Daidaito wajen kula da zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci don samun daidaiton zurfin akwati.
- Yanayi: Yanayi mai cike da iskar carbon, wanda galibi iskar endothermic ce wadda aka wadatar da ita da hydrocarbon kamar methane ko propane. Dole ne a kula da ƙarfin carbon a hankali.
- Ƙarfin Carbon: A kiyaye a 0.8–1.0% don cimma mafi kyawun yawan carbon a saman don mafi girman tauri ba tare da samar da carbide mai yawa ba.
- Lokaci: Ana tantance shi ta hanyar zurfin da ake so. Yaɗuwa ya dogara da lokaci. Misali:
- Don zurfin akwati na 1.0 mm: Kimanin awanni 8-10.
- Don zurfin akwati na 1.5 mm: Tsawon lokaci daidai gwargwado.
- Bayanin Zurfi: Ga sarƙoƙi masu nauyi, ana buƙatar zurfin akwati mai yawa.
- Dokar Babban Yatsa: Mafi ƙarancin zurfin carburising sau 0.1 diamita na sandar har zuwa sau 0.21 diamita na sandar galibi masana'antun ke ƙayyadewa.
- Zurfin Cikakke: Yawanci yana tsakanin mm 0.5 zuwa mm 2.0, tare da 1.0–1.5 mm ya zama ruwan dare gama gari don amfani da tarkace da siminti.
Mataki na 3: Kashewa
- Manufa: Don canza saman saman mai yawan carbon zuwa tsarin martensitic mai tauri, mai jure lalacewa.
- Matsakaici: Man fetur shine abin kashe wuta da aka fi so ga waɗannan ƙarfen ƙarfe. Kashe mai yana ba da saurin sanyaya don cimma babban tauri yayin da yake rage haɗarin karkacewa da tsagewa da ke tattare da kashe ruwa.
- Zafin Jiki: Ana amfani da man da aka riga aka dumama a 60–80°C sau da yawa don samun isasshen sanyi.
Mataki na 4: Ƙarfafawa
- Manufa: Don rage damuwa ta ciki da ke haifarwa ta hanyar kashewa, rage karyewar jiki, da kuma cimma daidaiton ƙarshe na tauri da tauri.
- Zafin Jiki & Lokaci:
- Don matsakaicin taurin saman (misali, 58-62 HRC), a rage zafi a ƙaramin zafin jiki na 150–200°C na tsawon awanni 1-2.
- Idan ana buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin tauri amma mafi girman tauri, za a iya amfani da zafin jiki na 400–450°C.
Mataki na 5: Bayan Jiyya (Zaɓi ne amma ana ba da shawarar)
- Harbi Peening: Wannan tsari yana jefa saman sarkar da ƙananan kafofin watsa labarai masu siffar ƙwallo, yana haifar da matsin lamba mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana inganta ƙarfin gajiya sosai, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga sarƙoƙi da aka yi amfani da su akai-akai a zagaye.
Ma'aunin Zurfin Shari'a
Wannan ita ce gwaji mafi mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa layin carbureted ya yi zurfi sosai don jure lalacewa ba tare da an lalata akwatin ba.
- Zurfin Lamarin Mai Inganci: Wannan an bayyana shi a matsayin nisan da ke tsaye daga saman zuwa wurin da taurin ya faɗi zuwa takamaiman ƙima, yawanci 550 HV (ko 52 HRC).
- Tsarin aiki: Ana goge sashin haɗin sarka, a zana shi da zane (sau da yawa tare da nital), sannan a duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Ana yin ƙananan ramuka don tantance ainihin zurfin da taurin ya ragu zuwa 550 HV.
- Ka'idojin Karɓa: Zurfin da aka auna mai inganci dole ne ya cika mafi ƙarancin ƙimar da aka ƙayyade (misali, ≥1.0 mm ko kamar yadda dokar diamita ta `0.1 x` ta tanada) kuma ya kasance iri ɗaya a kewayen mahaɗin.
Binciken Ƙarfe
- Tsarin Ƙananan Siffa: Ana amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta ƙarfe don bincika sashin giciye da aka zana. Manufar ita ce a tabbatar da wani akwati mai laushi, mai kama da martensitic tare da sauyawa a hankali zuwa tsarin tsakiya mai tauri. Bai kamata a sami wata babbar hanyar sadarwa ta ƙwayoyin carbides masu iyaka ba, wanda zai iya haifar da karyewa.
Gwajin Inji
- Ƙarfin Karya: Ana jawo sarƙoƙi na samfura zuwa lalacewa a cikin injin gwaji mai ƙarfi don tabbatar da cewa sun cika ko sun wuce mafi ƙarancin nauyin karyewa da aka ƙayyade ta ƙa'idodi kamar DIN 764 ko DIN 766 don matakin da ya dace (misali, Aji na 2 ko 3).
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-23-2026
