1. Labarin zagaye na sarƙoƙi don hakar ma'adinai
Tare da karuwar bukatar makamashin kwal a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya, injinan hakar kwal ya bunkasa cikin sauri. A matsayin babban kayan aiki na ingantattun injina na hakar ma'adinin kwal a cikin ma'adinan kwal, bangaren watsawa akan na'ura mai gogewa shima ya bunkasa cikin sauri. A wata ma'ana, ci gaban scraper conveyor ya dogara da ci gabanma'adinai high-ƙarfi zagaye mahada sarkar. Haƙar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi zagaye na hanyar haɗin gwiwa shine maɓalli na isar da iskar sarkar a ma'adanin kwal. Its ingancin da yi zaikai tsaye yana shafar ingancin aiki na kayan aiki da fitar da gawayi na ma'adinan kwal.
Ci gaban ma'adinai high-ƙarfi zagaye mahada, yafi hada da wadannan al'amurran: da ci gaban da karfe domin hakar ma'adinai zagaye mahada sarkar, da ci gaban sarkar zafi magani fasaha, da inganta zagaye karfe mahada size da kuma siffar, daban-daban sarkar zane da kuma ci gaban fasahar yin sarkar. Saboda wadannan ci gaba, da inji Properties da amincin nama'adinai zagaye mahada sarkaran inganta sosai. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin sarkar da wasu manyan masana'antun kera sarkar ke samarwa a duniya sun zarce mizanin DIN 22252 na Jamusanci da ake amfani da su sosai a duniya.
The farkon low-sa karfe don hakar ma'adinai zagaye mahada sarkar kasashen waje ya akasari carbon manganese karfe, tare da low carbon abun ciki, low gami kashi abun ciki, low hardenability, da sarkar diamita <ø 19mm. A cikin 1970s, manganese nickel chromium molybdenum jerin manyan sarkar karafa an haɓaka. Ƙarfe na yau da kullum sun haɗa da 23MnNiMoCr52, 23MnNiMoCr64, da dai sauransu. waɗannan karafa suna da kyau mai ƙarfi, weldability da ƙarfi da taurin, kuma sun dace da samar da babban sikelin C-grade. 23MnNiMoCr54 karfe an ƙera shi a ƙarshen 1980s. Dangane da karfe 23MnNiMoCr64, abun cikin siliki da manganese ya ragu kuma an ƙara abun ciki na chromium da molybdenum. Taurinsa ya fi na 23MnNiMoCr64 karfe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda ci gaba da inganta aikin da bukatun na zagaye mahada karfe sarkar da kuma ci gaba da karuwa na sarkar bayani dalla-dalla saboda mechanized kwal ma'adinai a cikin ma'adinai na ma'adinai, wasu sarkar kamfanoni sun ɓullo da wasu musamman sabon karfe maki, da kuma wasu kaddarorin na wadannan. sabbin maki karfe sun fi 23MnNiMoCr54 karfe. Misali, karfen "HO" da kamfanin JDT na kasar Jamus ya samar zai iya kara karfin sarkar da kashi 15% idan aka kwatanta da karfe 23MnNiMoCr54.
2.Mining sarkar sabis yanayi da gazawar bincike
2.1 yanayin sabis na sarkar ma'adinai
Sharuɗɗan sabis na sarkar mahaɗin zagaye sune: (1) ƙarfin tashin hankali; (2) Gajiya da ke haifar da nauyi mai bugun jini; (3) Ƙarfafawa da lalacewa suna faruwa a tsakanin sarƙaƙƙiya, sarƙoƙi da sarƙoƙi, da sarƙoƙi da faranti na tsakiya da gefen tsagi; (4) Lalacewa yana haifar da aikin gurɓataccen gawayi, dutsen foda da iska mai danshi.
2.2 sarkar ma'adinai tana haɗe da binciken gazawar
Za a iya raba nau'ikan sarkar sarkar ma'adinai da yawa zuwa: (1) nauyin sarkar ya zarce nauyin karyewar sa, wanda ke haifar da karaya da wuri. Wannan karaya galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin ɓangarorin ɓangarorin sarƙoƙi na kafada ko madaidaiciyar wuri, kamar fashe daga yankin walda mai walƙiya da abin ya shafa da kowane mashaya abu fashewa; (2) Bayan gudu na wani lokaci, ma'adinai na ma'adinai ba ta kai ga raguwa ba, wanda ya haifar da karaya da gajiya. Wannan karaya yawanci yana faruwa ne a haɗin kai tsaye da kambi na hanyar haɗin sarkar.
Abubuwan buƙatun don hakar ma'adinai zagaye na hanyar haɗin gwiwa: (1) don samun ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi a ƙarƙashin wannan abu da sashe ɗaya; (2) don samun nauyin karya mafi girma da mafi kyawun elongation; (3) don samun ƙananan nakasawa a ƙarƙashin aikin matsakaicin ƙarfin lodi don tabbatar da meshing mai kyau; (4) samun ƙarfin gajiya sosai; (5) don samun juriya mai girma; (6) don samun babban tauri da mafi kyawun ɗaukar nauyin tasiri; (7) ma'auni na geometric don saduwa da zane.
3.Ma'adinai sarkar samar da tsari
Tsarin samar da sarkar ma'adinai: yankan sanda → lankwasawa da saƙa → haɗin gwiwa → walda → gwajin gwaji na farko → maganin zafi → gwaji na biyu → dubawa. Welding da zafi magani ne key matakai a cikin samar da ma'adinai zagaye mahada sarkar, wanda kai tsaye shafi ingancin samfurin. Siffofin walda na kimiyya na iya inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa da rage farashin samarwa; Tsarin maganin zafi mai dacewa zai iya ba da cikakken wasa ga kayan kayan aiki kuma inganta ingancin samfurin.
Domin tabbatar da ingancin walda na sarkar ma'adinai, an kawar da walda ta hannun hannu da waldar juriya. Ana amfani da walda mai walƙiya ta ko'ina saboda fitattun fa'idodinsa kamar babban matakin sarrafa kansa, ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki da ingantaccen ingancin samfur.
A halin yanzu, yanayin zafi na ma'adinai zagaye sarkar mahada gabaɗaya rungumi dabi'ar matsakaicin mitar shigar dumama, ci gaba da quenching da tempering. Ma'anar matsakaicin mitar shigar da dumama shine cewa tsarin kwayoyin halitta na abu yana motsawa ƙarƙashin filin lantarki, kwayoyin suna samun makamashi kuma suna yin karo don samar da zafi. A lokacin jiyya mai zafi na matsakaicin mitar shigar da inductor, ana haɗa inductor tare da matsakaicin mitar AC na takamaiman mitar, kuma hanyoyin haɗin sarkar suna motsawa cikin sauri iri ɗaya a cikin inductor. Ta wannan hanyar, za a samar da wutar lantarki da aka haifar da mitar guda ɗaya da akasin shugabanci kamar yadda inductor zai haifar a cikin hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo, ta yadda wutar lantarki za ta iya rikiɗa zuwa makamashin zafi, kuma za a iya mai da hanyoyin haɗin sarƙoƙi zuwa yanayin zafin da ake buƙata don kashewa. da fushi cikin kankanin lokaci.
Matsakaicin mitar shigar da dumama yana da saurin sauri da ƙarancin iskar shaka. Bayan quenching, za a iya samun kyakkyawan tsari na quenching da girman ƙwayar austenite, wanda ke inganta ƙarfi da taurin sarkar. A lokaci guda kuma, yana da fa'idodin tsabta, tsafta, daidaitawa mai sauƙi da ingantaccen samarwa. A cikin yanayin zafi, yankin waldawa na sarkar yana wucewa ta cikin yanayin zafi mai girma kuma yana kawar da babban adadin quenching na ciki a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan inganta filastik da taurin yankin walda da jinkirta farawa. da ci gaban fasa. Yanayin zafin jiki a saman kafadar haɗin sarkar yana da ƙasa, kuma yana da tauri mafi girma bayan zafin jiki, wanda zai dace da lalacewa na haɗin sarkar yayin aikin aiki, watau, lalacewa tsakanin sarkar mahada da ragamar tsakanin sarkar. links da sarkar sprocket.
4. Kammalawa
(1) Karfe don hakar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi zagaye sarkar mahada yana tasowa a cikin shugabanci mafi girma ƙarfi, mafi girma hardenability, mafi girma filastik taurin da lalata juriya fiye da 23MnNiMoCr54 karfe da aka saba amfani da a duniya. A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da sabbin ma'aunin ƙarfe na haƙƙin mallaka.
(2) Haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya na ma'adinai mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi zagaye sarkar haɗin gwiwa yana haɓaka ci gaba da haɓakawa da kamala na hanyar maganin zafi. Aikace-aikacen da ya dace da ingantaccen kulawar fasahar maganin zafi shine mabuɗin don haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya na sarkar. Fasahar sarrafa zafi mai ma'adinai ta zama babbar fasahar masu yin sarƙoƙi.
(3) Girman, siffar da tsarin sarkar ma'adinai high-ƙarfi zagaye mahada sarkar an inganta da kuma inganta. Wadannan haɓakawa da haɓakawa ana yin su ne bisa ga sakamakon binciken sarkar danniya da kuma ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai da kuma sararin karkashin kasa na ma'adinan kwal yana iyakance.
(4) Haɓaka ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ma'adinan ma'adinai mai ƙarfi zagaye sarkar haɗin gwiwa, canjin tsarin tsari da haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya suna haɓaka saurin haɓaka daidaitaccen sarkar haɗin gwal ɗin zagaye na kayan aiki da fasaha.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-22-2021