1. Labarin sarƙoƙi masu zagaye don hakar ma'adinai
Tare da ƙaruwar buƙatar makamashin kwal a tattalin arzikin duniya, injunan haƙar kwal sun bunƙasa cikin sauri. A matsayin babban kayan aikin haƙar kwal mai inganci a ma'adinan kwal, ɓangaren watsawa na na'urar ɗaukar mashin ɗin ya bunƙasa cikin sauri. A wata ma'ana, haɓaka na'urar ɗaukar mashin ɗin ya dogara ne akan haɓakahaƙar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi mai zagaye sarkar haɗin gwiwaHaƙar sarkar haɗin kai mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi shine babban ɓangaren jigilar na'urar ƙera sarkar a ma'adinan kwal. Ingancinsa da aikinsa zai yi kyau.kai tsaye yana shafar ingancin aiki na kayan aiki da kuma fitar da kwal na ma'adinan kwal.
Ci gaban hakar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi mai sarkar mahaɗi ya ƙunshi fannoni kamar haka: haɓaka ƙarfe don haƙar ma'adinai mai zagaye, haɓaka fasahar sarrafa zafi ta sarkar, inganta girman da siffar sarkar mahaɗin ƙarfe mai zagaye, ƙirar sarkar daban-daban da haɓaka fasahar yin sarkar. Saboda waɗannan ci gaba, halayen injiniya da amincinhaƙar ma'adinai zagaye mahada sarkaran inganta sosai. Takamaiman bayanai da halayen injina na sarkar da wasu kamfanonin kera sarkar zamani ke samarwa a duniya sun wuce ma'aunin DIN 22252 na Jamus wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a duniya.
Karfe mai ƙarancin ƙarfi na farko don haƙar sarkar haɗin kai a ƙasashen waje galibi ƙarfe ne na carbon manganese, tare da ƙarancin carbon, ƙarancin sinadarin ƙarfe, ƙarancin tauri, da diamita na sarkar < ø 19mm. A shekarun 1970, an ƙirƙiro ƙarfe masu inganci na jerin manganese nickel chromium molybdenum. Karfe na yau da kullun sun haɗa da 23MnNiMoCr52, 23MnNiMoCr64, da sauransu. Waɗannan ƙarfe suna da kyakkyawan tauri, sauƙin walda da ƙarfi da tauri, kuma sun dace da samar da babban sarkar C. An ƙirƙiro ƙarfe 23MnNiMoCr54 a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Dangane da ƙarfe 23MnNiMoCr64, an rage yawan silicon da manganese kuma an ƙara yawan chromium da molybdenum. Taurinsa ya fi na ƙarfe 23MnNiMoCr64 kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda ci gaba da inganta buƙatun aiki na sarkar ƙarfe mai zagaye da kuma ci gaba da ƙaruwar takamaiman sarkar saboda hakar kwal da aka yi da injina a ma'adinan kwal, wasu kamfanonin sarkar sun ƙirƙiro wasu sabbin matakan ƙarfe na musamman, kuma wasu kaddarorin waɗannan sabbin matakan ƙarfe sun fi ƙarfe 23MnNiMoCr54 girma. Misali, ƙarfe "HO" da kamfanin JDT na Jamus ya ƙirƙiro na iya ƙara ƙarfin sarkar da kashi 15% idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe 23MnNiMoCr54.
2. Yanayin sabis na sarkar haƙar ma'adinai da nazarin gazawar
2.1 Yanayin sabis na sarkar ma'adinai
Yanayin aiki na sarkar mahaɗi mai zagaye sune: (1) ƙarfin tashin hankali; (2) Gajiya da nauyin bugawa ke haifarwa; (3) Gogayya da lalacewa suna faruwa tsakanin hanyoyin haɗin sarka, hanyoyin haɗin sarka da maɓuɓɓugan sarka, da hanyoyin haɗin sarka da faranti na tsakiya da ɓangarorin tsagi; (4) Tsatsa tana faruwa ne sakamakon aikin kwal da aka niƙa, foda na dutse da iska mai danshi.
2.2 Binciken gazawar hanyoyin haɗin ma'adinai
Za a iya raba nau'ikan sarkar da ke karyewa zuwa kashi uku: (1) nauyin sarkar ya wuce nauyin karyawar da ke tsaye, wanda ke haifar da karyewar da wuri. Wannan karyewar galibi tana faruwa ne a sassan da ke da lahani na kafadar haɗin sarkar ko yankin madaidaiciya, kamar tsagewa daga yankin da zafi ya shafa na walƙiya da fashewar kayan sandar mutum ɗaya; (2) Bayan aiki na ɗan lokaci, hanyar haɗin sarkar haƙar ma'adinai ba ta kai nauyin karya ba, wanda ke haifar da karyewar da gajiya ta haifar. Wannan karyewar galibi tana faruwa ne a lokacin haɗin da ke tsakanin hannun madaidaiciya da kambin hanyar haɗin sarkar.
Bukatun haƙar ma'adinai na zagaye sarkar mahaɗi: (1) don samun ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya mai yawa a ƙarƙashin abu ɗaya da sashe ɗaya; (2) don samun ƙarin nauyin karyawa da kuma tsawaitawa mafi kyau; (3) don samun ƙaramin nakasa a ƙarƙashin aikin matsakaicin ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya don tabbatar da kyakkyawan raga; (4) don samun ƙarfin gajiya mai yawa; (5) don samun juriya mai yawa; (6) don samun ƙarfi mai yawa da kuma ingantaccen ɗaukar nauyin tasiri; (7) girman geometric don dacewa da zane.
3. Tsarin samar da sarkar hakar ma'adinai
Tsarin samar da sarkar hakar ma'adinai: yanke sandar → lanƙwasawa da saƙa → haɗin gwiwa → walda → gwajin tabbatarwa na farko → maganin zafi → gwajin tabbatarwa na biyu → dubawa. Walda da maganin zafi sune manyan hanyoyin samar da haƙar ma'adinai na zagaye sarkar haɗin ma'adinai, wanda ke shafar ingancin samfurin kai tsaye. Sigogin walda na kimiyya na iya inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa da rage farashin samarwa; tsarin maganin zafi mai dacewa zai iya ba da cikakken wasa ga kayan da kuma inganta ingancin samfurin.
Domin tabbatar da ingancin sarkar haƙar ma'adinai, an kawar da walda ta hannu da kuma walda ta juriya. Ana amfani da walda ta walƙiya sosai saboda fa'idodinta masu ban mamaki kamar babban matakin sarrafa kansa, ƙarancin aiki da kuma ingancin samfura mai ɗorewa.
A halin yanzu, maganin zafi na haƙar ma'adinai mai zagaye sarkar haɗin ma'adinai gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar dumama matsakaiciyar mitar induction, ci gaba da kashewa da kuma dumamawa. Ma'anar dumama matsakaiciyar mitar induction ita ce tsarin kwayoyin halittar abin yana motsawa a ƙarƙashin filin lantarki, ƙwayoyin suna samun kuzari kuma suna karo don samar da zafi. A lokacin maganin zafi mai induction mai matsakaicin mitar induction, inductor yana haɗuwa da matsakaicin mitar AC na wani mita, kuma haɗin sarkar yana motsawa a cikin gudu ɗaya a cikin inductor. Ta wannan hanyar, za a samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin induction tare da mita ɗaya da akasin alkibla kamar inductor a cikin haɗin sarkar, don haka za a iya canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin zafi, kuma za a iya dumama haɗin sarkar zuwa zafin da ake buƙata don kashewa da dumamawa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Dumama mai matsakaicin mitar induction tana da saurin gudu da ƙarancin iskar shaka. Bayan kashewa, ana iya samun tsarin kashewa mai kyau da girman hatsin austenite, wanda ke inganta ƙarfi da tauri na hanyar haɗin sarkar. A lokaci guda, yana da fa'idodin tsabta, tsafta, sauƙin daidaitawa da ingantaccen samarwa. A matakin dumamawa, yankin walda na hanyar haɗin sarkar yana ratsawa ta cikin zafin jiki mai zafi kuma yana kawar da yawan damuwa na ciki cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda ke da tasiri sosai kan inganta laushi da tauri na yankin walda da kuma jinkirta farawa da haɓaka fasa. Zafin jiki mai zafi a saman kafadar hanyar haɗin sarkar yana da ƙasa, kuma yana da tauri mafi girma bayan dumamawa, wanda ke da amfani ga lalacewar hanyar haɗin sarkar yayin aikin aiki, watau, lalacewa tsakanin hanyoyin haɗin sarkar da haɗin tsakanin hanyoyin haɗin sarkar da sprocket na sarkar.
4. Kammalawa
(1) Karfe da ake amfani da shi wajen haƙo sarkar haɗin zagaye mai ƙarfi yana ci gaba a cikin alkiblar ƙarfi mafi girma, ƙarfin tauri mafi girma, ƙarfin filastik mafi girma da juriyar tsatsa fiye da ƙarfe 23MnNiMoCr54 da aka saba amfani da shi a duniya. A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da sabbin matakan ƙarfe masu lasisi.
(2) Inganta halayen injiniya na haƙar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana haɓaka ci gaba da inganta hanyar maganin zafi. Amfani mai kyau da kuma sarrafa fasahar maganin zafi daidai shine mabuɗin inganta halayen injiniya na sarkar. Fasahar maganin zafi na sarkar ma'adinai ta zama babbar fasahar masu yin sarkar.
(3) An inganta kuma an inganta girman, siffa da tsarin sarkar haƙar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Waɗannan gyare-gyare da haɓakawa an yi su ne bisa ga sakamakon nazarin damuwa na sarkar kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa ana buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin kayan aikin haƙar ma'adinai na kwal kuma sararin ƙarƙashin ƙasa na ma'adinan kwal yana da iyaka.
(4) Ƙara yawan ƙayyadaddun haƙar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi mai zagaye, canjin siffar tsari da haɓaka kaddarorin injiniya yana haɓaka saurin haɓaka kayan aiki da fasaha na yin sarkar ƙarfe mai zagaye.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-22-2021
