Dabarun Gudanar da Sarkar AFC Yana Tsawaita Rayuwa kuma Yana Hana Rage Lokacin da Ba a Shirya Ba
Sarkar ma'adinaizai iya yin ko karya aiki. Yayin da mafi yawan ma'adinan dogon bango suna amfani da sarkar 42 mm ko sama akan masu jigilar fuskokin su (AFCs), yawancin ma'adinan suna gudana 48-mm kuma wasu suna gudana sarkar mai girma kamar 65 mm. Manyan diamita na iya tsawaita rayuwar sarkar. Ma'aikatan Longwall galibi suna tsammanin za su wuce tan miliyan 11 tare da masu girman 48-mm kuma kusan tan miliyan 20 tare da girman 65-mm kafin a fitar da sarkar daga hukumar. Sarkar a cikin waɗannan manyan masu girma dabam yana da tsada amma yana da daraja idan ana iya haƙa duka panel ko biyu ba tare da rufewa ba saboda gazawar sarkar. Amma, idan karya sarkar ta faru saboda rashin kulawa, rashin kulawa, kulawa mara kyau, ko kuma saboda yanayin muhalli wanda zai iya haifar da lalatawar damuwa (SCC), ma'adinan yana fuskantar manyan matsaloli. A wannan yanayin, farashin da aka biya na wannan sarkar ya zama maras kyau.
Idan ma'aikacin dogon bango baya gudanar da mafi kyawun sarkar da zai yuwu ga yanayin mahakar ma'adinan, rufewar da ba a shirya ba zai iya goge duk wani tanadin farashi da aka samu cikin sauƙi yayin aikin siye. To menene ma'aikacin dogon bango ya kamata yayi? Ya kamata su mai da hankali sosai ga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun wuraren kuma zaɓi sarkar a hankali. Bayan an sayi sarkar, suna buƙatar kashe ƙarin lokaci da kuɗin da ake buƙata don sarrafa jarin yadda yakamata. Wannan na iya biyan riba mai mahimmanci.
Maganin zafi na iya ƙara ƙarfin sarkar, rage ɓarnar sa, sauƙaƙa damuwa na ciki, ƙara juriya, ko haɓaka injin sarkar. Maganin zafi ya zama kyakkyawan tsarin fasaha kuma ya bambanta daga masana'anta zuwa masana'anta. Manufar ita ce samun ma'auni na kaddarorin ƙarfe don dacewa da aikin samfuran. Sarkar tauraruwa dabam-dabam ɗaya ce daga cikin ingantattun dabarun da Parsons Chain ke amfani da ita inda kambin sarkar sarkar ke da wuyar tsayayya da lalacewa da ƙafafu idan hanyoyin haɗin sun yi laushi don ƙara ƙarfi da ductility a cikin sabis.
Taurin shine ikon tsayayya da lalacewa kuma ana nuna shi ta ko dai lambar taurin Brinell ta alamar HB ko lambar taurin Vickers (HB). Ma'aunin taurin Vickers ya yi daidai da gaske, don haka abu na 800 HV ya ninka sau takwas kamar wanda yake da taurin 100 HV. Don haka yana ba da ma'auni mai ma'ana na taurin daga mafi laushi zuwa abu mafi wuya. Don ƙananan ƙimar ƙima, har zuwa kusan 300, sakamakon taurin Vickers da Brinell kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma ga mafi girman dabi'u sakamakon Brinell yana ƙasa da ƙasa saboda murdiya na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa.
Gwajin Tasirin Charpy ma'auni ne na gatsewar abu da ake iya samu daga gwajin tasiri. Ana ganin hanyar haɗin sarkar a madaidaicin walda a kan hanyar haɗin kuma an sanya shi a cikin hanyar pendulum mai jujjuyawa, ƙarfin da ake buƙata don karye samfurin ana auna shi ta hanyar raguwa a cikin motsi na pendulum.
Yawancin masu kera sarkar suna adana ƴan mitoci kaɗan na kowane tsari na tsari don ba da damar yin cikakken gwajin lalata. Cikakkun sakamakon gwaji da takaddun shaida yawanci ana ba su tare da sarkar wanda yawanci ana jigilar su cikin nau'i-nau'i-m 50 da suka dace. Tsawaita ƙarfin gwaji da tsayin daka a karaya ana kuma zana su yayin wannan gwaji mai lalata.
Mafi kyawun Sarkar
Abun shine a haɗa duk waɗannan sifofi don ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun sarkar, wanda ya haɗa da aiki mai zuwa:
• Ƙarfin ƙarfi mafi girma;
• Mafi girman juriya ga lalacewa ta hanyar haɗin ciki;
• Babban juriya ga lalacewar sprocket;
• Babban juriya ga fashewar martensitic;
• Inganta tauri;
• Ƙara rayuwar gajiya; kuma
Juriya ga SCC.
Duk da haka, babu wata cikakkiyar mafita, sai dai sasantawa iri-iri. Babban ma'anar yawan amfanin ƙasa zai kasance yana haifar da babban damuwa na saura, idan an haɗa shi da babban taurin don haɓaka juriya, zai kuma rage rage ƙarfi da juriya ga lalatawar damuwa.
Masu masana'anta suna ci gaba da ƙoƙari don haɓaka sarkar da za ta daɗe kuma ta tsira daga mawuyacin yanayi. Wasu masana'antun suna yin galvanize sarkar don magance lalata muhalli. Wani zabin shine sarkar COR-X, wanda aka yi shi daga vanadium, nickel, chromium, da molybdenum gami da yaƙar SCC. Abin da ya sa wannan maganin ya zama na musamman shi ne cewa kaddarorin lalatawar damuwa sun yi kama da juna a cikin tsarin ƙarfe na sarkar kuma tasirin sa ba ya canzawa yayin da sarkar ke sawa. COR-X ya tabbatar da haɓaka rayuwar sarkar sosai a cikin mahalli masu lalata kuma kusan kawar da gazawa saboda lalatawar damuwa. Gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar da cewa karya da aiki ya karu da kashi 10%. An haɓaka tasirin daraja 40% kuma juriya ga SCC yana ƙaruwa 350% idan aka kwatanta da sarkar yau da kullun (DIN 22252).
Akwai lokuta inda sarkar COR-X 48 mm ta gudanar da tan miliyan 11 ba tare da gazawar da ke da alaka da sarkar ba kafin a soke ta. Kuma farkon shigarwar sarkar Broadband na OEM ta Joy a ma'adinan BHP Billiton San Juan ya gudanar da sarkar Parsons COR-X da aka kera a Burtaniya, wanda aka ce ya kai ton miliyan 20 daga fuska yayin rayuwarsa.
Juya Sarkar don Tsawaita Rayuwar Sarkar
Babban abin da ke haifar da sarkar sarka shi ne motsin kowane mahaɗin tsaye yana jujjuyawa a kusa da mahaɗin da ke kusa da shi yayin da yake shiga da barin sprocket ɗin tuƙi. Wannan kuma yana haifar da ƙarin lalacewa a cikin jirgin sama ɗaya na hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa yayin da suke jujjuya ta cikin sprocket, don haka ɗayan mafi inganci hanyoyin da za a tsawaita rayuwar sarkar da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce juyawa, ko juya shi 180º don gudanar da sarkar ta gaba. . Wannan zai sanya filayen hanyoyin haɗin “mara amfani” aiki kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin sawa wurin haɗin yanar gizo wanda yayi daidai da tsawon rayuwar sarkar.
Rashin daidaituwar lodin na'urar, saboda dalilai daban-daban, na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa a kan sarƙoƙi guda biyu wanda zai sa ɗaya sarkar ta yi sauri fiye da ɗayan. Rashin daidaituwa ko shimfiɗawa a cikin ɗayan ko duka biyun sarƙoƙi kamar yadda zai iya faruwa tare da tagwayen majalisai na waje na iya haifar da tashin jirage ba daidai ba, ko kuma daga mataki yayin da suke zagayawa cikin sprocket ɗin tuƙi. Hakanan na iya haifar da wannan ta hanyar dayan sarƙoƙi guda biyu ya zama lallausan. Wannan ba tare da ma'auni ba zai haifar da matsalolin aiki, da kuma haifar da lalacewa da yawa da kuma yiwuwar lalacewa a kan sprockets na tuƙi.
Tensioning System
Ana buƙatar tsarin tashin hankali da tsarin kulawa don tabbatar da cewa bayan shigarwa ana sarrafa ƙimar lalacewa na sarƙoƙi tare da duka sarƙoƙi suna elongating saboda lalacewa a ƙimar sarrafawa da kwatankwacin.
A karkashin shirin kulawa, ma'aikatan kulawa za su auna sarkar lalacewa da tashin hankali, maye gurbin sarkar lokacin da ya sawa fiye da 3%. Don jin daɗin abin da wannan nau'in suturar sarkar ke nufi a zahiri, ya kamata a tuna cewa a kan fuskar bangon bango mai tsayin mita 200, sarkar sarkar na 3% tana nuna haɓakar sarkar 12 m ga kowane madauri. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan kulawa za su maye gurbin bayarwa da mayar da sprockets da masu cirewa yayin da waɗannan ke sawa ko lalacewa, bincika akwatin gear da matakin mai kuma tabbatar da, a lokaci-lokaci, cewa kusoshi suna da ƙarfi.
Akwai ingantattun hanyoyin ƙididdige madaidaicin matakin riya kuma waɗannan sun tabbatar da zama jagora mai fa'ida ga ƙimar farko. Koyaya, hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce lura da sarkar yayin da take barin sprocket ɗin tuƙi lokacin da AFC ke aiki a ƙarƙashin cikakken yanayin kaya. Yakamata a ga sarkar tana nuna ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa (hanyoyi biyu) yayin da take tsiri daga sprocket ɗin tuƙi. Lokacin da irin wannan matakin ya kasance ana buƙatar auna ƙididdiga, rikodin kuma saita don gaba azaman matakin aiki na wannan fuskar. Ya kamata a dauki karatun pre-tension akai-akai kuma a rubuta adadin hanyoyin da aka cire. Wannan zai ba da gargaɗin farko game da farawar lalacewa daban-daban ko yawan lalacewa.
Dole ne a daidaita jiragen da aka lanƙwasa ko canza su ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Suna rage aikin mai ɗaukar kaya kuma yana iya haifar da bargon ya fita daga tseren ƙasa da tsalle akan sprocket yana haifar da lalacewa ga duka sarƙoƙi, sprocket, da sandunan jirgin.
Ma'aikatan Longwall ya kamata su kasance a faɗakarwa don sawa da lalata sarkar masu tsinke saboda suna iya barin sarƙar sarka ta zauna a cikin sprocket kuma wannan na iya haifar da cunkoso da lalacewa.
Ana Fara Sarrafa Sarkar Lokacin Shigarwa
Bukatar madaidaiciyar layin fuska mai kyau ba za a iya ƙarfafawa ba. Duk wani sabani a daidaita fuska yana iya haifar da bambance-bambancen ra'ayi tsakanin sarƙoƙin fuska- da gob-gefen da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa. Wannan yana yiwuwa ya faru akan sabuwar fuskar da aka kafa yayin da sarƙoƙi ke gudana ta lokacin "kwankwasa" a cikin lokaci.
Da zarar an samar da salon sawa na daban, ba zai yuwu a gyara shi ba. Sau da yawa fiye da a'a bambance-bambancen yana ci gaba da lalacewa tare da sarkar suturar sutura don haifar da rashin ƙarfi.
An kwatanta illolin gudu tare da layin fuska mara kyau wanda ke haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a gefe don tsinkayar gefe ta hanyar bitar lambobi. Misali, katanga mai tsayi 1,000-ft tare da sarkar AFC mai tsayi 42mm wacce ke da kusan mahaɗi 4,000 a kowane gefe. Yarda da cirewar-karfe na haɗin haɗin gwiwa yana faruwa a ƙarshen mahaɗin. Sarkar tana da maki 8,000 wanda ƙarfen ke lalacewa ta hanyar matsi na haɗin gwiwa yayin da ake tuƙa shi kuma yayin da yake girgiza fuskarsa, yana fama da ɗaukar nauyi ko kuma ya faru ta hanyar lalata. Saboda haka, ga kowane 1/1,000-inch na lalacewa muna samar da inci 8 na karuwa a tsayi. Duk wani ɗan bambanci tsakanin ƙimar lalacewa ta fuska- da gob-gefen, wanda rashin daidaituwa ya haifar, da sauri ya ninka zuwa babban bambancin tsayin sarkar.
Ƙunƙarar ƙirƙira guda biyu akan sprocket a lokaci guda na iya haifar da lalacewa mara kyau na bayanin martabar haƙori. Wannan shi ne saboda asarar tabbataccen wuri a cikin sprocket drive wanda ke ba da damar hanyar haɗi don zamewa akan haƙoran tuki. Wannan aikin zamiya yana yanke hanyar haɗin gwiwa kuma yana ƙara yawan lalacewa akan haƙoran sprocket. Da zarar an kafa shi azaman ƙirar lalacewa, zai iya haɓaka kawai. A farkon alamar yanke hanyar haɗin gwiwa, dole ne a bincika sprockets kuma a maye gurbinsu idan sun buƙaci, kafin lalacewa ta lalata sarkar.
Tsarin sarka wanda ya yi yawa kuma zai haifar da lalacewa mai yawa akan duka sarkar da sprocket. Ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da pretensions na sarƙoƙi akan ƙima waɗanda ke hana ƙirƙirar sarkar mara nauyi da yawa ƙarƙashin cikakken kaya. Irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan za su ba da damar “fitarwa” sandunan goge-goge da kuma haɗarin lalacewar wutsiya ta haifar da sarƙar sarka yayin da take barin sprocket. Idan an saita pretensions da yawa akwai hatsarori guda biyu na bayyane: wuce gona da iri akan sarkar, da wuce gona da iri akan tuki.
Matsanancin sarka na iya zama Kisa
Halin gama gari shine a gudanar da sarkar da matsewa. Makasudin ya kamata ya kasance a kai a kai a duba abin da ake gani da kuma cire sarkar lallausan ta hanyar haɓaka haɗin gwiwa biyu. Fiye da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa biyu za su nuna cewa sarkar ta yi rauni sosai ko kuma cire hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda huɗu zai haifar da ƙima mai girma wanda zai haifar da lalacewa mai nauyi kuma zai rage rayuwar sarkar da gaske.
Ganin cewa daidaitawar fuska yana da kyau, ƙimar pretension a gefe ɗaya bai kamata ya wuce ƙimar a wancan gefe da fiye da ton ɗaya ba. Kyakkyawan kula da fuska ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa za a iya riƙe kowane bambanci zuwa fiye da ton biyu a tsawon rayuwar aikin sarkar.
Ana iya ba da izinin haɓaka tsayin tsayi saboda lalacewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa (wani lokaci ana kiranta da kuskure azaman "sarkin sarkar") don isa zuwa kashi 2% kuma har yanzu yana gudana tare da sabbin sprockets.
Matsayin lalacewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa ba matsala ba ne idan sarkar da sprockets suna sawa tare don haka suna riƙe dacewar su. Koyaya, lalacewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa yana haifar da raguwa a cikin sarƙoƙi masu karya kaya da juriya ga nauyin girgiza.
Hanya mai sauƙi na auna lalacewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa ita ce amfani da caliper, aunawa cikin sassan farar guda biyar da kuma amfani da taswirar tsawo na sarkar. Gabaɗaya za a yi la'akari da sarƙoƙi don maye gurbin lokacin da haɗin haɗin gwiwa ya wuce 3%. Wasu manajojin kulawa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba sa son ganin sarkar su ta wuce 2% elongation.
Kyakkyawan sarrafa sarkar yana farawa a matakin shigarwa. Saka idanu mai zurfi tare da gyare-gyare idan an buƙata a lokacin kwanciya a cikin lokaci zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da rayuwa mai tsawo da matsala.
(Tare da ladabi naEllton Longwall)
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-26-2022